Your roof is your home’s first line of defense against the elements. Regular inspections catch small problems before they become expensive repairs. Here’s what to check — and how climate affects your inspection priorities.
When to Inspect
Twice a year minimum — spring (after winter weather) and fall (before winter). Also inspect after any severe weather event: hailstorms, high winds, or heavy snow.
Exterior Inspection (From the Ground)
Start with binoculars from the ground. Look for:
- Missing, cracked, or curling shingles — the most obvious sign of wear
- Granule loss — bare patches on asphalt shingles indicate aging. Check gutters for excessive granule accumulation
- Sagging areas — indicates structural problems underneath
- Damaged flashing — around chimneys, vents, skylights, and valleys. Flashing failures are the #1 source of roof leaks
- Moss or algae growth — common in humid climates (Southeast, Pacific NW). Indicates moisture retention
- Damaged or missing ridge caps — the shingles along the peak of your roof
Interior Inspection (Attic)
- Daylight coming through — any visible light means water can get in
- Water stains on rafters or decking — trace them uphill to find the source
- Mold or mildew — indicates ventilation or leak problems
- Proper ventilation — ridge vents, soffit vents, and gable vents should be clear and functioning
- Insulation condition — wet, compressed, or displaced insulation signals problems
Climate-Specific Concerns
Hot climates (Southwest, Southeast): UV degradation accelerates shingle aging. Look for cracking, curling, and granule loss. Lighter-colored roofs last longer. Attic ventilation is critical — temperatures can exceed 150°F.
Cold climates (Northeast, Midwest, Mountain West): Ice dams form when heat escapes through the roof, melting snow that refreezes at the eaves. Check for proper attic insulation (R-38 to R-60) and ventilation. Look for damage from freeze-thaw cycles.
Hurricane zones (Gulf Coast, Southeast): Inspect hurricane straps/clips connecting roof to walls. Check for wind-lifted shingles. Consider impact-rated materials if you’re in a hail-prone area.
Wet climates (Pacific Northwest): Moss and algae are constant battles. Check for moisture under shingles. Ensure gutters and valleys drain properly. Zinc or copper ridge strips help prevent moss growth.
When to Call a Professional
If you see any of these, get a professional inspection:
- Sagging roofline or decking
- Multiple areas of damaged flashing
- Widespread granule loss
- Interior water damage
- Roof is over 20 years old (asphalt shingles)
A professional inspection costs $150-400 but can save thousands in prevented damage.
Related Reading
- Gutter Cleaning Schedule by Region
- Weatherproofing Windows and Doors
- Best Exterior Paint for Your Climate
Regional lawn care guides? Check out Lush Lawns for regional lawn care guides.